Skip to main content

Guess what? I will do class 8 geos ..

Obviously, I have become very rusted. So to unrust me ( oh god, is it unrust ?  I have become so bad in English). Okie wait.. "polish myself." I tried problems from ABJTOG 1.4. Easy ones TBH. Without further ado, here are the problems and solutions I tried. You guys can try too! I can assure you the difficulty is less than class 8. ( or class 7). I didn't try harder problems, because that would take me sometime. I did these in break :P . So yeah.. sorry for so easy  levels.

Milk and Mocha 


Problem 2 of ABJTOG:- Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let $M$ be a point on the ray $AB$ beyond $B$ such that $\overline{BM} = \overline{BC}$. Prove that $MC$ is parallel to the angle bisector of $\angle ABC$.

Solution :- Note that$$\angle BMC=\frac{1}{2} \cdot (180-B)= \frac{B}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\angle ABC.$$


Problem 1 of ABJTOG :- Let $C$ be a point on the line segment $AB$. Let $D$ be a point that doesn’t lie on the line $AB$. Let $M$ and $N$ be points on the angle bisectors of $\angle ACD$ and $\angle BCD$, respectively, such that $MN \parallel AB$. Prove that the line $CD$ bisects $MN$.

Solution:- Clearly $\angle MCN=90.$ Now, to show that line $CD$ bisects $MN$, it's enough to show that $X$ is the centre of the $\Delta CMN ,$ where $X=CD\cap MN$ or it's enough to show that $\Delta MCX,\Delta CXN$ is isosceles, which follows from the parallel line and angle bisector stuff[ $\angle XMC= \angle MCA=\angle MCX.$

Problem 14 of ABJTOG:- Let $O, I, H$ be the circumcenter, incenter and orthocenter, respectively, of $|Delta ABC.$ Prove that $B, C, O, I, H$ lie on a circle if and only if $\angle BAC = 60$

Solution:- Since $B,C,I,H$ lie on one circle, we get$$\angle BHC=BIC\implies 180-A=90+\frac A2\implies A=60.$$So we get $\angle BHC=\angle BIC=120.$ But we also have $\angle BOC=120.$ Hence Prove that $B, C, O, I, H$ are cyclic

Problem 17 of ABJTOG:- Let $ABCDEF$ be a convex hexagon with $\overline{AB} = \overline{AF}, \overline{BC} = \overline{CD}$ and $\overline{DE} = \overline{EF}$. Prove that the angle bisectors of $\angle BAF, \angle BCD$ and $\angle DEF$ are concurrent.

Solution:- Well my one was exactly Thermos. So..

Note that the angle bisectors of $\angle BAF, \angle BCD$ and $\angle DEF$ are the perpendicular bisectors of $\overline{FB}, \overline{BD}, \overline{DF}$. Thus, they are concurrent at the circumcenter of $\triangle BDF$.

Problem 15 of ABJTOG:- Let $H$ and $O$ be the orthocenter and circumcenter in a triangle $ABC$, respectively. If $\angle BAC = 60 $ , prove that $AH = AO$. Is the converse true?

Solution:- Just use the fact that $AH=2R\cdot \cos A.$ And $\cos A=\frac 12 \iff\angle A=60.$

Problem 40 of ABJTOG:- Let $D, E$ and $F$ be points on the sides $BC, CA$ and $AB,$ respectively, such that $BCEF$ is a cyclic quadrilateral. Let $P$ be the second intersection of the circumcircles of $\Delta BDF$ and $\Delta CDE.$ Prove that $A, D$ and $P$ are collinear.

Solution:- We apply radical axis theorem in circles $(BCEF),(BDF),(CDE).$ Note that $AB$ is the radical axis of $(BDF),(BFEC)$ and $AC$ is the radical axis of $(CDE),(BFEC).$ Since $AC,AB$ concur at $A$ and $DP$ is the radical axis of $(BDF),(CDE).$ Hence $A,D,P$ are collinear.

Problem 37 of ABJTOG:- Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. The rays $AB$ and $DC$ intersect at $P$ and the rays $AD$ and $BC$ intersect at $Q.$ The circumcircles of $\Delta BCP$ and $\Delta CDQ$ intersect at $R.$ Prove that the points $P , Q$ and $R$ are collinear.

Solution:- Note that $\angle PBC=180-\angle PRC$ and $\angle PBC=\angle QDC=\angle QRC.$ Hence $\angle PRC+\angle QRC=180.$

Problem 38 of ABJTOG:- The diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$ intersect at $S$. The circumcircle of $\Delta ABS$ intersects line $BC$ at $M$ , and the circumcircle of $ADS$ intersects line $CD$ at $N .$ Prove that $S, M$ and $N$ are collinear.

Solution:- Note that $\angle ABM= 180-\angle ASM$ and $\angle ABM=\angle ADN=\angle ASN.$ Hence $\angle ASN+\angle ASM=180.$ So $S, M$ and $N$ are collinear.



Problem 41 of ABJTOG :- Two circles are tangent to each other internally at a point $T$ . Let the chord $AB$ of the larger circle be tangent to the smaller circle at a point $P .$ Prove that $TP$ is the internal angle bisector of $\angle ATB.$

Solution:-Simple homothety.

Let $Z:= TP \cap (ATB).$ Note that $P$ is the lowest point, so by homothety, $Z$ will also be the "lowest" point i.e $Z$ is the midpoint of arc $AB.$ Hence $TZ=TP$ is the internal angle bisector of $\angle ATB.$

Problem 42 of ABJTOG:- Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid $(AB || CD).$ Let $AC \cap BD = E$ and $AD \cap BC = F .$ Let $M, N$ be midpoints of $AB, CD,$ respectively. Prove that the points $E, F, M, N$ are collinear.

Solution:- Well clearly, $F,M,N$ are collinear. So, we will show that $E,M,N$ is collinear. Let $M'= EN\cap AB.$ By the parallel property, we get $\Delta  M'EB \sim NED$ with ratio $M'E/NE.$ So $M'B=ND \cdot \frac{M'E}{EN}.$ And we also have $\Delta  M'EA \sim NEC$ with ratio $M'E/NE .$ So $M'A=NC\cdot \frac{M'E}{EN}.\implies M'A=M'B\implies M=M'.$

----

Well yeah.. that's the problems I did. Trust me the number of Olympiad problems, I am doing has exponentially decreased :(. 

If you have time and liked the content then follow the blog.  Click the three rows thingy in the Right top which is white in colour, then follow, I have got 9 followers till now. So yayyy!!

Sunaina 💜

Comments

  1. You are on fire in writing blogs
    I checked today and had to read 4 blogs 😅

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

My experiences at EGMO, IMOTC and PROMYS experience

Yes, I know. This post should have been posted like 2 months ago. Okay okay, sorry. But yeah, I was just waiting for everything to be over and I was lazy. ( sorry ) You know, the transitioning period from high school to college is very weird. I will join CMI( Chennai Mathematical  Institue) for bsc maths and cs degree. And I am very scared. Like very very scared. No, not about making new friends and all. I don't care about that part because I know a decent amount of CMI people already.  What I am scared of is whether I will be able to handle the coursework and get good grades T_T Anyways, here's my EGMO PDC, EGMO, IMOTC and PROMYS experience. Yes, a lot of stuff. My EGMO experience is a lot and I wrote a lot of details, IMOTC and PROMYS is just a few paras. Oh to those, who don't know me or are reading for the first time. I am Sunaina Pati. I was IND2 at EGMO 2023 which was held in Slovenia. I was also invited to the IMOTC or International Mathematical Olympiad Training Cam...

How to prepare for RMO?

"Let's wait for this exam to get over".. *Proceeds to wait for 2 whole fricking years!  I always wanted to write a book recommendation list, because I have been asked so many times! But then I was always like "Let's wait for this exam to get over" and so on. Why? You see it's pretty embarrassing to write a "How to prepare for RMO/INMO" post and then proceed to "fail" i.e not qualifying.  Okay okay, you might be thinking, "Sunaina you qualified like in 10th grade itself, you will obviously qualify in 11th and 12th grade." No. It's not that easy. Plus you are talking to a very underconfident girl. I have always underestimated myself. And I think that's the worst thing one can do itself. Am I confident about myself now? Definitely not but I am learning not to self-depreciate myself little by little. Okay, I shall write more about it in the next post describing my experience in 3 different camps and 1 program.  So, I got...

Problems with meeting people!

Yeah, I did some problems and here are a few of them! I hope you guys try them! Putnam, 2018 B3 Find all positive integers $n < 10^{100}$ for which simultaneously $n$ divides $2^n$, $n-1$ divides $2^n - 1$, and $n-2$ divides $2^n - 2$. Proof We have $$n|2^n\implies n=2^a\implies 2^a-1|2^n-1\implies a|n\implies a=2^b$$ $$\implies 2^{2^b}-2|2^{2^a}-2\implies 2^b-1|2^a-1\implies b|a\implies b=2^c.$$ Then simply bounding. USAMO 1987 Determine all solutions in non-zero integers $a$ and $b$ of the equation $$(a^2+b)(a+b^2) = (a-b)^3.$$ Proof We get $$ 2b^2+(a^2-3a)b+(a+3a^2)=0\implies b = \frac{3a-a^2\pm\sqrt{a^4-6a^3-15a^2-8a}}{4}$$ $$\implies a^4-6a^3-15a^2-8a=a(a-8)(a+1)^2\text{ a perfect square}$$ $$\implies a(a-8)=k^2\implies a^2-8a-k^2=0\implies \implies a=\frac{8\pm\sqrt{64+4k^2}}{2}=4\pm\sqrt{16+k^2}. $$ $$ 16+k^2=m^2\implies (m-k)(m+k)=16.$$ Now just bash. USAMO 1988 Suppose that the set $\{1,2,\cdots, 1998\}$ has been partitioned into disjoint pairs $\{a_i,b_i\}$ ($1...

IMO Shortlist 2021 C1

 I am planning to do at least one ISL every day so that I do not lose my Olympiad touch (and also they are fun to think about!). Today, I tried the 2021 IMO shortlist C1.  (2021 ISL C1) Let $S$ be an infinite set of positive integers, such that there exist four pairwise distinct $a,b,c,d \in S$ with $\gcd(a,b) \neq \gcd(c,d)$. Prove that there exist three pairwise distinct $x,y,z \in S$ such that $\gcd(x,y)=\gcd(y,z) \neq \gcd(z,x)$. Suppose not. Then any $3$ elements $x,y,z\in S$ will be $(x,y)=(y,z)=(x,z)$ or $(x,y)\ne (y,z)\ne (x,z)$. There exists an infinite set $T$ such that $\forall x,y\in T,(x,y)=d,$ where $d$ is constant. Fix a random element $a$. Note that $(x,a)|a$. So $(x,a)\le a$.Since there are infinite elements and finite many possibilities for the gcd (atmost $a$). So $\exists$ set $T$ which is infinite such that $\forall b_1,b_2\in T$ $$(a,b_1)=(a,b_2)=d.$$ Note that if $(b_1,b_2)\ne d$ then we get a contradiction as we get a set satisfying the proble...

How to prepare for INMO

Since INMO is coming up, it would be nice to write a post about it! A lot of people have been asking me for tips. To people who are visiting this site for the first time, hi! I am Sunaina Pati, an undergrad student at Chennai Mathematical Institute. I was an INMO awardee in 2021,2022,2023. I am also very grateful to be part of the India EGMO 2023 delegation. Thanks to them I got a silver medal!  I think the title of the post might be clickbait for some. What I want to convey is how I would have prepared for INMO if I were to give it again. Anyway, so here are a few tips for people! Practice, practice, practice!! I can not emphasize how important this is. This is the only way you can realise which areas ( that is combinatorics, geometry, number theory, algebra) are your strength and where you need to work on. Try the problems as much as you want, and make sure you use all the ideas you can possibly think of before looking at a hint. So rather than fixing time as a measure to dec...

Orders and Primitive roots

 Theory  We know what Fermat's little theorem states. If $p$ is a prime number, then for any integer $a$, the number $a^p − a$ is an integer multiple of $p$. In the notation of modular arithmetic, this is expressed as \[a^{p}\equiv a{\pmod {p}}.\] So, essentially, for every $(a,m)=1$, ${a}^{\phi (m)}\equiv 1 \pmod {m}$. But $\phi (m)$ isn't necessarily the smallest exponent. For example, we know $4^{12}\equiv 1\mod 13$ but so is $4^6$. So, we care about the "smallest" exponent $d$ such that $a^d\equiv 1\mod m$ given $(a,m)=1$.  Orders Given a prime $p$, the order of an integer $a$ modulo $p$, $p\nmid a$, is the smallest positive integer $d$, such that $a^d \equiv 1 \pmod p$. This is denoted $\text{ord}_p(a) = d$. If $p$ is a primes and $p\nmid a$, let $d$ be order of $a$ mod $p$. Then $a^n\equiv 1\pmod p\implies d|n$. Let $n=pd+r, r\ll d$. Which implies $a^r\equiv 1\pmod p.$ But $d$ is the smallest natural number. So $r=0$. So $d|n$. Show that $n$ divid...

Birthday Functional Equations problems

Heyoo!!! Birthday FEs!!!!!! $11$ FEs!! Also I would be posting solutions to RG's FE handout, I am done with 10 prs :P!! Problem: Find all functions $f :\Bbb R \rightarrow \Bbb R$ such that $$2f (x) - 5f (y) = 8, \forall x, y \in \Bbb R$$ Solution: $$2f(x)-5f(y)=8$$ $$\implies 2f(x)-5f(x)=8$$ $$\implies f(x)=\frac{-8}{3}, \text{ a constant function }$$ We did this in Rohan Bhaiya's FE class..Oh btw the EGMO camp is sooo niceee! I am loving it!! It's such a big deal to be able to train and attend the camp with EGMO team members! Problem: Find all functions $f :\Bbb R \rightarrow \Bbb R$ such that $$f (x) + xf (1 -x) = x, \forall x\in \Bbb R.$$ Solution: $$f(x)+xf(1-x)=x$$ $$f(1-x)+(1-x)f(x)=1-x$$ This is actually in the linear equations in two variable form! $$x+ay=a$$ $$y+bx=b$$ Anyways,  $$f(x)+xf(1-x)=x$$ $$xf(1-x)+f(x)(1-x)x=(1-x)x$$ $$ \implies f(x)(x-x^2)-f(x)=-x^2\implies f(x)=\frac{-x^2}{x-x^2-1}=\frac{x^2}{x^2-x+1}$$ But verifying, this doesn't work. Problem: ...

Some NMTC sub-junior level Problems

Well.. Many people don't know but I was a part of STEM's Horizon ( Now, I have left them due to boards etc.) BTW STEM's Horizons is really great! And anyone interested in Olympiad math should join it! More info about it in below (make sure to check it out!). So here are some problems I sent to them. They are fairly easy, and most of them are repetitive ideas. But they are my first sets of problems ( I know UMO was there but still..) The solutions will be posted in another blog posts. You guys can type out sols in the comments sections too :) Problems:- 1. What is maximum possible number dividing  $x^2+x+1$ and $x^5 +x^4 +x^3 + 3x^2 +2 x +4$ for all $x\in \Bbb{N}$ 2. Let $P$ be the sum of all $x$ and $y$ satisfying $45^x-2^x=2021^y.$ What is the last two digits of $p^2+p+1.$ 3. What is the greatest value of $r$ such that $3^r$ is factor of $10^{2022}-8^{674}$. 4. Find all possible tuples $ (x,y,l)$ such that $\frac{x}{100}=\frac{20}{y}=\frac{5}{l}.$ 5. Consider the following...

Problems done in August

  Welcome back! So today I will be sharing a few problems which I did last week and some ISLs. Easy ones I guess. Happy September 2021!  Problem[APMO 2018 P1]: Let $ABC$ be a triangle with orthocenter $H$ and let $M$ and $N$ denote the midpoints of ${AB}$ and ${AC}$. Assume $H$ lies inside quadrilateral $BMNC$, and the circumcircles of $\triangle BMH$ and $\triangle CNH$ are tangent. The line through $H$ parallel to ${BC}$ intersects $(BMH)$ and $(CNH)$ again at $K$, $L$ respectively. Let $F = {MK} \cap {NL}$, and let $J$ denote the incenter of $\triangle MHN$. Prove that $FJ = FA$. Proof:  By angle chase, we get $\angle FKL=\angle FLK.$    Hence $KL||MN\implies FM=FN.$   And we get $\angle MFN=2A\implies F$ is circumcentre if $(AMN)\implies FA=FM=FN.$   And we get $\angle MHN=180-2A$    Hence $MFHN$ is cyclic.    By fact 5, $ME=FJ=FN\implies FJ=FA.$ Problem[Shortlist 2007 G3]: Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid whose diagonals meet at $P$....

Just spam combo problems cause why not

This post is mainly for Rohan Bhaiya. He gave me/EGMO contestants a lot and lots of problems. Here are solutions to a very few of them.  To Rohan Bhaiya: I just wrote the sketch/proofs here cause why not :P. I did a few more extra problems so yeah.  I sort of sorted the problems into different sub-areas, but it's just better to try all of them! I did try some more combo problems outside this but I tried them in my tablet and worked there itself. So latexing was tough. Algorithms  "Just find the algorithm" they said and they died.  References:  Algorithms Pset by Abhay Bestrapalli Algorithms by Cody Johnson Problem1: Suppose the positive integer $n$ is odd. First Al writes the numbers $1, 2,\dots, 2n$ on the blackboard. Then he picks any two numbers $a, b$ erases them, and writes, instead, $|a - b|$. Prove that an odd number will remain at the end.  Proof: Well, we go $\mod 2$. Note that $$|a-b|\equiv a+b\mod 2\implies \text{ the final number is }1+2+\dots ...